Great Expectations
by Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, and spent the first nine years of his life living in the coastal regions of Kent, a county in southeast England. Dickens’s father, John, was a kind and likable man, but he was incompetent with money and piled up tremendous debts throughout his life. When Dickens was nine, his family moved to London. When he was twelve, his father was arrested and taken to debtors’ prison. Dickens’s mother moved his seven brothers and sisters into prison with their father, but she arranged for the young Charles to live alone outside the prison and work with other children pasting labels on bottles in a blacking warehouse (blacking was a type of manufactured soot used to make a black pigment for products such as matches or fertilizer). Dickens found the three months he spent apart from his family highly traumatic. Not only was the job itself miserable, but he considered himself too good for it, earning the contempt of the other children. After his father was released from prison, Dickens returned to school. He eventually became a law clerk, then a court reporter, and finally a novelist. His first novel, The Pickwick Papers, became a huge popular success when Dickens was only twenty-five. He published extensively and was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870.
Many of the events from Dickens’s early life are mirrored in Great Expectations, which, apart from David Copperfield, is his most autobiographical novel. Pip, the novel’s protagonist, lives in the marsh country, works at a job he hates, considers himself too good for his surroundings, and experiences material success in London at a very early age, exactly as Dickens himself did. In addition, one of the novel’s most appealing characters, Wemmick, is a law clerk, and the law, justice, and the courts are all important components of the story.
Historical Context
Great Expectations is set in early Victorian England, a time when great social changes were sweeping the nation. The Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had transformed the social landscape, enabling capitalists and manufacturers to amass huge fortunes. Although social class was no longer entirely dependent on the circumstances of one’s birth, the divisions between rich and poor remained nearly as wide as ever. London, a teeming mass of humanity, lit by gas lamps at night and darkened by black clouds from smokestacks during the day, formed a sharp contrast with the nation’s sparsely populated rural areas. More and more people moved from the country to the city in search of greater economic opportunity. Throughout England, the manners of the upper class were very strict and conservative: gentlemen and ladies were expected to have thorough classical educations and to behave appropriately in innumerable social situations.
These conditions defined Dickens’s time, and they make themselves felt in almost every facet of Great Expectations. Pip’s sudden rise from country laborer to city gentleman forces him to move from one social extreme to another while dealing with the strict rules and expectations that governed Victorian England. Ironically, this novel about the desire for wealth and social advancement was written partially out of economic necessity. Dickens’s magazine, All the Year Round, had become extremely popular based on the success of works it had published in serial, such as his own A Tale of Two Cities and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White. But it had experienced a decline in popularity after publishing a dull serial by Charles Lever called A Day’s Ride. Dickens conceived of Great Expectations as a means of restoring his publication’s fortunes. The book is still immensely popular a century and a half later.
Theme
In form, Great Expectations fits a pattern popular in nineteenth-century European fiction: the bildungsroman, or novel depicting growth and personal development, generally a transition from boyhood to manhood such as that experienced by Pip. The genre was popularized by Goethe with his book Wilhelm Meister (1794-1796) and became prevalent in England with such books as Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, and Dickens’s own David Copperfield. Each of these works, like Great Expectations, depicts a process of maturation and self-discovery through experience as a protagonist moves from childhood to adulthood. The moral theme is quite simple: affection, loyalty, and conscience and are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Pip’s desire for moral, social, and educational self-improvement is the main source of the novels title because he believes in the possibly of advancement in life- he has “great expectations” about his future.
Charles Dickens Resources
http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/dickens/dickensov.html
http://www.fidnet.com/~dap1955/dickens/dickens_london.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
November
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Red Week
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Dallas Stevens
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Poetry Presentations
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Poetry Presentations
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Dallas Stevens Assign Reading and Exe–Ch 2
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Introduction Read Ch 1-2 Assign Exe
Navy Week
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Introduction
Discuss Writing Style
Imitation Exe
Assign 3-4 and Chart
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Discuss Writing Style
Imitation Exe 2
Read 3-4
Assign Chart
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Show Tell Chart
Read Ch 5 aloud
Assign 6-7
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Read 5-6
Do Exe
Assign 7 and Exe Discuss Ch 8-11 Assign Study/annotate Chapters 12-13
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Quiz 5-7
Brainstorm terrible or ominous locations/situations Discuss Ch 8-11 Assign Study/annotate Chapters 12-13
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Red Week
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Holidays
Navy Week
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9-13 Quiz
Discuss Chapters 14-15
Assign Study/Annotate Chapters 16-17
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9-13 Quiz
Discuss Chapters 14-15
Assign Study/Annotate Chapters 16-17
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Chapter 18
Study/Annotate Chapter 19
Discuss Chapters 16-19
Assign study for test over Phase I
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Chapter 18
Study/Annotate Chapter 19
Discuss Chapters 16-19
Assign study for test over Phase I
2
Phase I Test
Study/Annotate Chapters 20-22 Assign Chapters 25-26
Student Notes and Modifications:
December
Sunday
Monday
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Chapter 18
Study/Annotate Chapter 19
Discuss Chapters 16-19
Assign study for test over Phase I
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Phase I Test
Study/Annotate Chapters 20-22 Assign Chapters 25-26
Red Week
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Phase I Test
Study/Annotate Chapters 20-22
Assign Chapters 25-26
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Discuss Chapters 20-22
Read 25-26
Study/Annotate Chapters 27-28
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Discuss Chapters 20-22
Read 25-26
Study/Annotate Chapters 27-28
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Read 29-30
Study/Annotate Chapters 31-32 Assign Study/Annotate Chapters 33-37
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Read 29-30
Study/Annotate Chapters 31-32
Assign Study/Annotate Chapters 33-37
Navy Week
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Discuss Chapters 31-37 Great Expectations
Assign Study/Annotate Chapters 38-39
Semester Exam Review
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Discuss Chapters 31-37 Great Expectations
Assign Study/Annotate Chapters 38-39
Semester Exam Review
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Read 40-45
Assign Study/Annotate 45-53
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Read 40-45
Assign Study/Annotate 45-53
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Finals
Red Week
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Holidays - 6
Navy Week
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Student Notes and Modifications:
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